Liliana Mereu - Specialist in obstetrics and gynecology - Pelvic inflammatory disease

Liliana Mereu - Specialista in Ostetricia e Ginecologia

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Prof.
Liliana Mereu

For year Prof. Mereu work as a specialist in Gynecology and Obstetrics

Pelvic inflammatory disease

The PID is an infection of the internal reproductive organs of women , involving the uterus , fallopian tubes , ovaries, and surrounding pelvic tissues . These tissues become inflamed , irritated and swollen. The most common causes of PID are chlamydia and gonorrhea , although other types of bacteria have a role . The PID is a major cause of infertility in women.  

 

The PID is caused by sexually transmitted diseases that have been left untreated, most commonly chlamydia , gonorrhea and trichomoniasis Other types of bacteria have a role.

 

The primary risk factors of PID is infection with a sexually transmitted disease , especially with chlamydia and gonorrhea. The risk factors with these STDs include:     

Engaging in unsafe sex Having

Sex with more than one partner

Being in a sexual relationship with someone who has multiple sex partners.  

 

To reduce the risk:     

Use latex or polyurethane condoms during sexual intercourse     

Limit your number of sex partners

 

If you have symptoms suggestive of a sexually transmitted disease or think you have been exposed to one of them , you should seek medical care immediately.

 

If you have recently been treated or are being treated for PID , you should ensure that your (or your ) partner also receives care to avoid being infected again . Sex partners should receive treatment even if they have no symptoms.

 

The primary symptom of a PID is an abdominal or pelvic pain . In mild cases , there may be slight cramping . In violent cases , the pain can be constant and very intense. Physical activity , especially intercourse, can greatly increase the pain. Other symptoms of PID include:     

Unusual vaginal discharge     

Abnormal vaginal bleeding and / or abundant     

Bleeding between menstrual cycles     

Fever / chills     

Nausea / vomiting

 

Women with PID may have no symptoms.  

 

The complications that follow a PID can be very serious and can lead to death. They include:     

 

Pelvic abscess: The local accumulation of pus in the ovaries , the fallopian tubes or in the pelvic region can occur in severe cases of PID . These require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotic therapy , and may require surgery.     

Sterility: After this disease scar tissue can form around the pelvic organs . This scar tissue can cause blockage and the deformation of the fallopian tubes for the egg may not exceed the tuba and go into the uterus. After a woman has had , for once this disease has an estimated probability of 15% to remain sterile . After two times , the risk of sterility becomes 35% , and after three times the risk is almost 75% .     

Chronic pelvic pain : In addition to causing infertility , scar tissue associated with this disease can produce a chronic pelvic pain or discomfort due to the deformation of the pelvic organs . The intervention may be required in severe cases .     

Ectopic pregnancy : An ectopic pregnancy occurs outside the uterus , most commonly in the fallopian tubes. Because this disease can cause a blockage or partial deformation of the fallopian tubes , the chances of an ectopic pregnancy are increased. Ectopic pregnancy is a very serious condition and should be treated surgically.

 

A woman with a history of this disease may have trouble getting pregnant . A previous case of this disease may put women at a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy ( a pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes ) . It can lead to serious complications . Once detected, it must be treated immediately by surgery .  

 

A PID is usually diagnosed using several criteria, including symptoms , signs, and results of a pelvic examination and laboratory tests . These include:     

 

abdominal tenderness     

Sensitivity of the cervix , ovaries and fallopian tubes during the pelvic exam fever     

Unusual vaginal or cervical secretion     

Laboratory tests of the cervical secretion which show the presence of Chlamydia or Gonorrhea     

Laboratory Tests with ULTRASOUND , CT  

 

The PID can be cured with antibiotics. Sometimes they are required hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics . If the infection spreads beyond the reproductive and deeper in the abdomen, or if an abscess is formed , the intervention may be necessary. To reduce inflammation and scarring , may be prescribed anti -inflammatory drugs such as steroids . If left untreated , complications of PID can be very serious and require immediate medical intervention .

 

It is important that you make sure that your partner receives treatment in order to avoid being infected again . Avoid having sex while being treated to reduce the chances of getting the infection again or transmitting it to someone else.

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Liliana Mereu - Specialist in obstetrics and gynecology - Pelvic inflammatory disease